Decolonization in Historical Perspective

Locals on Earth

Misha Velthuis
m.velthuis@uva.nl
Fri 27 Sept 2024

Today

Intro

Understanding human-nature

Earth Sciences in the service of empire

Other forms of science

Slides

Intro

Earth Sciences

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Political science (UvA)

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Developmental Studies (SOAS)

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PhD research (Mumbai)

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Additional concern

Alternative digital worlds

My average location (distance)

Why me?

My understanding human-nature

Cause and effect?

Not everything can be explained?

Some things can be explained?

Other things happen in and out of themselves?

Politics of explanation?

When something is explained and when it is not has important political consequences.

When something is explained, and when it is not, appears to be at least partly influenced by social/political hierarchies.

Who has ever been explained?

Nature does not truly act

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Nature as a mere tool

Tympanum palace Dam square

Naturalization

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Also: useful explanation

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Bottom line

It matters

The Earth Sciences in
the service of colonial empire

The birth of a science

But actually

The empire where the sun never sets

Ships and crops

Earth science: knowing and control

Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam

Hortus Bontanicus Amsterdam

Europe has many botanical gardens

Kew botanical gardens

Science and (climate) control

The loop of control

If you know something, you can control it

If you control something, you can know it

The modern way

Attempting to replicate the success of the lab (or the botanical garden): forcefully standardize the context, to make you interventions work everywhere.

Agriculture & navigation

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Be(at)ing the locals

Earth science and naturalization

Climate determinism

"Classical theories of climate dating back to Hippocrates have been reworked to explain the distinctive racial, pathological, economic, and moral characteristics between different parts of the world. In a European imperial context, climatically determined differences between human “races” and cultures were central to Western European self-conceptions of an inherent superiority over other peoples, offering to early expansionists apparently scientific grounds for believing in their own imperial sense of cultural supremacy."

Disavowing responsibility

"…the late 19th century effort to more precisely describe the atmospheric dynamics of monsoon failure and drought served, for Mike Davis, to help naturalize famine. If famine could be “scientifically” attributed to natural physical causes — as opposed to questions of political economy—the empire would be relieved of direct responsibility for India’s devastating famines, while also being emboldened in its efforts to understand, predict, and manage tropical environments"

Deviance from a very European norm

The "solution": small-scale climate control

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The solution: large-scale climate control

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Think through: (how) does the climate matter?

Think through: all climates are equal?

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Solastalgia?

"A decade ago, Australian philosopher and professor of sustainability Glenn Albrecht set out to coin a term to capture the particular form of psychological distress that sets in when the homelands that we love and from which we take comfort are radically altered by extraction and industrialization, rendering them alienating and unfamiliar. He settled on “solastalgia,” with its evocations of solace, destruction, and pain, and defined the new word to mean, “the homesickness you have when you are still at home.” He explained that although this particular form of unease was once principally familiar to people who lived in sacrifice zones —lands decimated by open-pit mining, for instance, or clear-cut logging—it was fast becoming a universal human experience, with climate change creating a “new abnormal” wherever we happen to live."

Other forms of science?

Can science be saved from violent legacies?

#1 (Earth) science as a way to become local?

But… wariness

#2 Adding, rather than replacing agency

Gender and hormones

Climate and politics

#3 Reversing the knowing

my (none of your)
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